pyfor.clip_funcs.
poly_clip
(cloud, geometry)¶pyfor.clip_funcs.
ray_trace
(x, y, poly)¶A numba implementation of the ray tracing algorithm.
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Returns: |
pyfor.clip_funcs.
square_clip
(cloud, bounds)¶Clips a square from a tuple describing the position of the square.
Parameters: | las_xy – A N x 2 numpy array of x and y coordinates, x in |
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column 0 :param bounds: A tuple of length 4, describing the min x, max x, min y and max y coordinates of the square. :return: A boolean mask, true is within the square
pyfor.cloud.
Cloud
(las)¶Bases: object
__init__
(las)¶A dataframe representation of a point cloud, with some useful functions for manipulating and displaying.
Parameters: | las – A path to a las file, a laspy.file.File object, or a CloudFrame object |
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chm
(cell_size, interp_method=None, pit_filter=None, kernel_size=3)¶Returns a Raster object of the maximum z value in each cell.
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Returns: | A Raster object of the canopy height model. |
clip
(geometry)¶Clips the point cloud to the provided geometry (see below for compatible types) using a ray casting algorithm.
Parameters: | geometry – Either a tuple of bounding box coordinates (square clip), an OGR geometry (polygon clip), or a tuple of a point and radius (circle clip). |
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Returns: | A new Cloud object clipped to the provided geometry. |
filter
(min, max, dim)¶Filters a cloud object for a given dimension in place.
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grid
(cell_size)¶Generates a Grid object for this Cloud given a cell size. See the documentation for Grid for more information.
Parameters: | cell_size – The resolution of the plot in the same units as the input file. |
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Returns: | A Grid object. |
iplot3d
(max_points=30000, point_size=0.5, dim='z', colorscale='Viridis')¶Plots the 3d point cloud in a compatible version for Jupyter notebooks using Plotly as a backend. If max_points exceeds 30,000, the point cloud is downsampled using a uniform random distribution by default. This can be changed using the max_points argument.
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normalize
(cell_size, num_windows=7, dh_max=2.5, dh_0=1, interp_method='nearest')¶Normalizes this cloud object in place by generating a DEM using the default filtering algorithm and subtracting the underlying ground elevation. This uses a grid-based progressive morphological filter developed in Zhang et al. (2003).
This algorithm is actually implemented on a raster of the minimum Z value in each cell, but is included in the Cloud object as a convenience wrapper. Its implementation involves creating a bare earth model and then subtracting the underlying ground from each point’s elevation value.
If you would like to create a bare earth model, look instead toward Grid.ground_filter.
Note that this current implementation is best suited for larger tiles. Best practices suggest creating a BEM at the largest scale possible first, and using that to normalize plot-level point clouds in a production setting.
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plot
(cell_size=1, cmap='viridis', return_plot=False)¶Plots a basic canopy height model of the Cloud object. This is mainly a convenience function for rasterizer.Grid.plot, check that method docstring for more information and more robust usage cases.
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Returns: | If return_plot == True, returns matplotlib plt object. |
plot3d
(point_size=1, cmap='Spectral_r', max_points=500000.0)¶Plots the three dimensional point cloud using a method suitable for non-Jupyter use (i.e. via the Python console). By default, if the point cloud exceeds 5e5 points, then it is downsampled using a uniform random distribution of 5e5 points. This is for performance purposes.
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pyfor.cloud.
CloudData
(points, header)¶Bases: object
A simple class composed of a numpy array of points and a laspy header, meant for internal use. This is basically a way to load data from the las file into memory.
__init__
(points, header)¶Initialize self. See help(type(self)) for accurate signature.
write
(path)¶Writes the points and header to a .las file.
Parameters: | path – The path of the .las file to write to. |
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pyfor.filter.
dhmax
(elev_array)¶Calculates the maximum height difference for an elevation array.
Parameters: | elev_array – |
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pyfor.filter.
dht
(elev_array, w_k, w_k_1, dh_0, dh_max, c)¶” Calculates dh_t.
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pyfor.filter.
slope
(elev_array, w_k, w_k_1)¶Calculates the slope coefficient.
Returns the slope coefficient s for a given elev_aray and w_k
pyfor.filter.
window_size
(k)¶pyfor.filter.
zhang
(array, number_of_windows, dh_max, dh_0, c, grid, interp_method='nearest')¶Implements Zhang et. al (2003), a progressive morphological ground filter. This returns a matrix of Z values for each grid cell that have been determined to be actual ground cells.
Parameters: | array – The array to interpolate on, usually an aggregate of the minimum Z value |
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#TODO fix this to be max window size :param number_of_windows: :param dh_max: The maximum height threshold :param dh_0: The starting null height threshold :param c: The cell size used to construct the array :param grid: The grid object used to construct the array :return: An array corresponding to the filtered points, can be used to construct a DEM via the Raster class
pyfor.gisexport.
array_to_polygons
(array, affine)¶Returns a geopandas dataframe of polygons as deduced from an array.
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pyfor.gisexport.
array_to_raster
(array, pixel_size, x_min, y_max, wkt, path)¶Writes a GeoTIFF raster from a numpy array.
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pyfor.plot.
iplot3d
(las, max_points, point_size, dim, colorscale)¶Plots the 3d point cloud in a compatible version for Jupyter notebooks. :return: # TODO refactor to a name that isn’t silly
pyfor.plot.
iplot3d_surface
(array, colorscale)¶pyfor.rasterizer.
Grid
(cloud, cell_size)¶Bases: object
The Grid object is a representation of a point cloud that has been sorted into X and Y dimensional bins. It is not quite a raster yet. A raster has only one value per cell, whereas the Grid object merely sorts all points into their respective cells.
__init__
(cloud, cell_size)¶Sorts the point cloud into a gridded form such that every point in the las file is assigned a cell coordinate with a resolution equal to cell_size
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Returns: | Returns a dataframe with sorted x and y with associated bins in a new columns |
boolean_summary
(func, dim)¶Calculates a column in self.data that is a boolean of whether or not that point is the point that corresponds to the function passed. For example, this can be used to create a boolean mask of points that are the minimum z point in their respective cell.
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empty_cells
¶Retrieves the cells with no returns in self.data
return: An N x 2 numpy array where each row cooresponds to the [y x] coordinate of the empty cell.
ground_filter
(num_windows, dh_max, dh_0, interp_method='nearest')¶Wrapper call for filter.zhang with convenient defaults.
Returns a Raster object corresponding to the filtered ground DEM of this particular grid. :param type: :return:
interpolate
(func, dim, interp_method='nearest')¶Interpolates missing cells in the grid. This function uses scipy.griddata as a backend. Please see documentation for that function for more details.
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Returns: | An interpolated array. |
metrics
(func_dict)¶Calculates summary statistics for each grid cell in the Grid.
Parameters: | func_dict – A dictionary containing keys corresponding to the columns of self.data and values that correspond to the functions to be called on those columns. |
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Returns: | A pandas dataframe with the aggregated metrics. |
normalize
(num_windows, dh_max, dh_0, interp_method='nearest')¶Returns a new, normalized Grid object. :return:
plot
(func, cmap='viridis', dim='z', return_plot=False)¶Plots a 2 dimensional canopy height model using the maximum z value in each cell. This is intended for visual checking and not for analysis purposes. See the rasterizer.Grid class for analysis.
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Returns: | If return_plot == True, returns matplotlib plt object. |
plot3d
()¶Not yet implemented.
raster
(func, dim)¶Generates an m x n matrix with values as calculated for each cell in func. This is a raw array without missing cells interpolated. See self.interpolate for interpolation methods.
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Returns: | A 2D numpy array where the value of each cell is the result of the passed function. |
pyfor.rasterizer.
Raster
(array, grid)¶Bases: object
__init__
(array, grid)¶Initialize self. See help(type(self)) for accurate signature.
iplot3d
(colorscale='Viridis')¶Plots the raster as a surface using Plotly.
pit_filter
(kernel_size)¶Filters pits in the raster. Intended for use with canopy height models (i.e. grid(0.5).interpolate(“max”, “z”). This function modifies the raster array in place.
Parameters: | kernel_size – The size of the kernel window to pass over the array. For example 3 -> 3x3 kernel window. |
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plot
(cmap='viridis', return_plot=False)¶Default plotting method for the Raster object.
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watershed_seg
(min_distance=2, threshold_abs=2, classify=False)¶Returns the watershed segmentation of the Raster as a geopandas dataframe.
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Returns: | A geopandas data frame, each record is a crown segment. |
write
(path)¶Writes the raster to a geotiff. Requires the Cloud.crs attribute to be filled by a projection string (ideally wkt or proj4).
Parameters: | path – The path to write to. |
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